BUILDING STRUCTURES, BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES. GROUNDS AND FOUNDATIONS
The expansion of urban space is carried out through the construction of modern multi-storey buildings located mainly on vacant lots along the perimeter of the existing urban area. It often happens that such sites have previously been and are subject to various man-made impacts. At the same time, man-made impacts can have an impact on engineering and geological conditions, worsening the natural physical and mechanical properties of the bases. An example is the arrangement of various types of landfills, the movement of the soil and vegetation layer, the artificial change of hydrogeological conditions. The construction of foundations on such soils is more complex than under normal conditions. The bearing capacity of the bases is reduced, geological strata are heterogeneous. The design of foundations requires calculations, taking into account the above-mentioned factors. The subsequent implementation of the project requires higher financial and time costs for the preparation of foundations and the installation of foundations, compared with the construction of similar buildings in conditions not previously affected by man-made influence. The article provides examples on the construction of foundations on an artificial foundation, during the construction of modern multistorey residential buildings on the territory of the former aeration fields in Lyubertsy. The results of the work are given and analyzed. The results of the study can be useful in the design and subsequent construction of modern buildings in similar conditions.
TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION OF CONSTRUCTION
Waterproofing must be continuous and waterproof over the entire insulated surface, in conjunction with structural elements, expansion joint designs, elastic at low temperatures; heat-resistant in summer temperatures, stable when applying poured asphalt or compacted asphalt concrete, reliably protected from mechanical damage.
TECHNOSPHERE SAFETY
The article is devoted to the organizational and technological features of commissioning at nuclear facilities. The issues of the effectiveness of the quality management system (QMS) of the organization performing commissioning at nuclear facilities and the effectiveness of interaction between the participants in the commissioning and the organizations participating in the construction of these facilities are considered. It is noted that high-quality management of resources in terms of personnel, infrastructure, working conditions, information and knowledge, as well as material and financial resources will ensure efficiency, including economic efficiency, when carrying out work and meeting the deadlines for carrying out work. Methods and principles of standardization of construction processes and the specifics of standardization of commissioning works are analyzed. It is shown that the most effective are analytical methods for the formation of labor standards. The influence of technical regulation on the reliability of determining the estimated cost of construction is emphasized.
LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION OBJECTS
The article is devoted to the regulation of work performance using information models as part of construction and technical expertise, which can be judicial, pre-trial and corporate. It is established that due to the specifics in the organization of construction and technical expertise according to the traditional scheme and based on the principles of Informatization, the interaction between its structural elements will also differ. In this regard, the article presents the variability of these interactions, focusing on the application of information models of capital construction projects. The basis for ensuring the legitimacy and objectivity of construction and technical expertise using the information model of the capital construction object should be the appropriate organizational, legal and regulatory conditions created by means of regulating external and internal interactions. To ensure this process, the authors point to the need to develop a set of documents at the Federal, industry and corporate levels that regulate construction and technical expertise based on the principles of Informatization. As a practical significance of the provisions given in the article, we can note the ordering of external and internal interactions within the framework of construction and technical expertise, ensuring its legitimacy, objectivity and independence, and as the ultimate goal – to keep the technical and economic indicators of the investment project within the specified boundaries.
ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION
An important result of strategic controlling is to ensure balanced and proportional growth, based on a common goal, and both internal and external influences must be taken into account. The higher the level of the hierarchy of investment and construction activities, the more the degree of complexity of the functions of management, control and decision-making increases. Investment and construction activity, as a technical and economic system, is a large complex of coordinated elements, interdependent within a more complex structure and logically forming a single whole, the management of which is carried out on the basis of the control actions established in the plan. The main and supporting processes and their complexes that occur in investment and construction activities and are determined by strategic and operational plans are determined by various flows of labor, raw materials, materials, energy, fixed assets and investments. On the other hand, the functioning of the system itself affects these flows.