ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION
The article is devoted to the methodological provisions of rationing the time and resources spent on performing works and activities as part of construction and technical expertise, which can be judicial, pre-trial and corporate. Regardless of the institutional affiliation, the prospects for developing standards for individual works and activities, as well as enlarged standards for the entire complex of construction and technical expertise procedures are indicated. The development of such standards should be carried out in accordance with the current provisions of regulatory documents and generally accepted methodological principles in the field of technical and estimated rationing. In this regard, the authors point out that in accordance with this approach, a single norm should contain the cost of working time, material and technical resources, and should also be linked to the quantitative and qualification composition of performers. The development of an enlarged norm on the ETS should be carried out by means of calculation based on individual norms. It is noted that these procedures should take into account the use of information models of capital construction objects during construction and technical expertise.
The authors also developed and present in the article the topology of the network schedule of construction and technical expertise, which indicates the sequential nature of the addition of activities and works. This fact indicates the potential of using Informatization in this subject area
The practical significance of the provisions given in the article is related to the development of individual and enlarged standards for work, activities, procedures as part of construction and technical expertise, which should contribute to the possibility of planning this type of activity both on a time scale and in the context of costs and, as a result, making adequate and transparent management decisions. It is also obvious that the use of information models will help reduce the cost and time of construction and technical expertise. This fact must be taken into account when rationing this type of activity.
TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION OF CONSTRUCTION
Budget planning for the medium term implies an annual increase in the volume of investments in the Federal target programs, Federal targeted investment programs, regional programs and projects. The implementation of state and municipal investment programs, as well as projects involving private investment at the initial stages of the investment and construction process, in particular when planning budget and private investments, and when developing project documentation, requires the mandatory use of consolidated cost indicators, such as construction price standards (NCS) and accompanying standards for the price of structural solutions (NCCR). Requirements for the development and application of the rough norms are governed by town planning laws, regulations on the examination of project documentation and engineering survey results, regulations on the audit of investment projects in terms of efficiency of use of budgetary funds and the reliability of determining the estimated cost, regulations for mandatory public technological and price audit of large investment projects with state participation, as well as conducting technological and price audit of investment feasibility study in respect of contracts, the subject of which is the simultaneous execution of design, construction and commissioning works. [1-5]. The article describes the requirements for the organization of resource and technological modeling in the development of enlarged standards necessary for the formation of investment programs at the initial stage of its organization - the stage of determining the required capital construction objects and their distribution according to the established nomenclature. [2, 5]. The article discusses the nomenclature of collections of consolidated construction price standards. it is noted that for industry, territorial, municipal and corporate (corporate) levels, this nomenclature may be more detailed or Vice versa, depending on the production need, the number of simulated capital construction objects, the organization's structure and administrative needs. The article offers criteria for the distribution of residential buildings, administrative and sports facilities by classification levels in the collections of aggregated indicators. Examples and justification of the used criteria for the allocation of objects in the collections.
LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION OBJECTS
The article is devoted to the methodological basis for determining the effectiveness of claim work and construction and technical expertise as its logical continuation. Prospects for the formation of efficiency in these subject areas is associated with the process of their Informatization and involves the division into external and internal parts. In this regard, the factors that affect the external effectiveness of construction and technical expertise and related activities that ensure the organizational and technological reliability of the investment project are given. The authors also indicate the parameters of internal efficiency of construction and technical expertise. Further, in the context of the study, a grouping of criteria for the effectiveness of claim work (cost, time, quality) is proposed, as well as the volume nature of their manifestation is indicated.
The practical significance of the provisions given in the article is related to the development of estimated indicators of pre-claim work in a construction organization, as well as parameters of the effectiveness of construction and technical expertise in relation to compliance with engineering solutions and economic characteristics of the investment project.
ИНЖЕНЕРНОЕ ОБОРУДОВАНИЕ. IT-ТЕХНОЛОГИИ
The article is devoted to principles of Informatization construction and technical expertise (judicial, pretrial and corporate) that contribute to achieving the authors purpose of the study the methodology of the Genesis of the organization of information support of construction and technical expertise. As its basis, information models of capital construction objects are considered, which in relation to the specified subject area should contain three components: normative (conceptual), basic (design), and real. Modern information models, as a rule, include only the first two components, but it is the third component that is crucial in the development of Informatization of construction and technical expertise. In this regard, the article defines the process of Informatization of construction and technical expertise and specifies its components: mediatization, computerization, intellectualization. Each component of Informatization has its own functional saturation associated with its purpose, so the authors present their structuring and functional decomposition.
The practical significance of the provisions given in the article is related to improving the efficiency and objectivity of construction and technical expertise, as well as ensuring the quality of work, compliance with the cost and duration of contracts or services.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
The sanitary protection zone is a widespread, but still not clearly defined concept in the legislation. According to the RF Government Decree No. 222 the SPZ design project is required to justify the size of the sanitary protection zone of the object, and its border must be put on cadastral records for all industrial facilities. Accordingly, the SPZ design issue is relevant for all industrial facilities without exception. This work is based on the SPZ project data of a real enterprise for the production of car components from polyurethane foam in Kaluga. Justification of the SPZ size is carried out on the basis of the received cartographic and tabular materials. The calculation of the dispersion of harmful substances in the atmosphere, assessment of noise impact, impact on the landscape and assessment of the SPZ by a combination of factors are performed. The criterion for determining the SPZ size is not exceeding at its border hygienic standards, established for the atmospheric air of populated areas as 1 MPC. According to the factors of acoustic and chemical impact, it is proposed to establish the variable boundary of the SPZ from the boundary of the industrial site. Calculations for other types of negative impact are not carried out, their impact is assessed as insignificant. The integral size of the object SPZ is established on the basis of the calculations by a combination of factors. A program for instrumental control at the border of the design SPZ with the selected design control points is being compiled. If the fact of exceeding the MPC is revealed, additional measures are provided to achieve full compliance with the established standards. The main unfavorable factors of the production activity impact on the environment and humans are emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere and sources of acoustic exposure. Currently, an urgent problem is the development and implementation of environmental standards for the quality of atmospheric air for its chemical properties. In certain situation it would be advisable and even necessary to additionally estimate the total value of pollutant emissions per year.